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Bar chart of expected annual growth of the global LLM market

Generative AI is growing faster than anything we’ve ever seen before in online search. As of late 2025, ChatGPT has 800 million weekly average users, and Alphabet's Gemini is close behind with 650 monthly active users. 67% of organizations worldwide have adopted LLMs to support their operations with generative AI, and the LLM market is projected to grow to $82.1 billion by 2033. Generative AI is poised to overtake Google Search, according to many SEO experts, who predict the shift will happen within the next 5 years.


The shift from SEO to GEO means that businesses can no longer rely solely on appearing at the top of the SERPs. To maintain visibility, they must also secure brand mentions and citations on LLM answers. This requires a slight change in SEO strategy because LLMs prioritize the most recent and relevant answers, which aren't always the #1 result on Google. According to Siege Media, LLMs cite sources published or updated within 6 months at rates 3-4x higher than older content, even when that older content was once considered authoritative. In fact, a study by Semrush revealed that almost 90% of ChatGPT citations come from positions 21+.

Bar chart of ranking positions of LLM-cited search results

Ranking # 1 on Google is not a guarantee of long-term visibility. You should be thinking about how to keep top-ranking pages updated and optimized for LLMs as well. Your page could someday disappear from SEO, such as after a Google Core Update, and then it'll take time to start appearing in GEO. My advice is to start optimizing for LLM visibility now, so that you're not left vulnerable later.


There are many emerging tools available for monitoring the LLM visibility of your brand. However, it's important to remember the data should still be interpreted as directional rather than 100% accurate, given the complexities of monitoring LLM visibility.


Good SEO is Good GEO

At Search Central Live in Zurich, John Mueller said that Good SEO is Good GEO (or AEO, or AI SEO, or LLM SEO, or LMNOPEO). Although things have certainly changed a lot recently, traditional SEO fundamentals still matter: crawlability, structure, entities, and authority. However, SEOs might adapt their priorities in the advent of AI search. For example, to satisfy LLMs' preference for recent content, brands might allocate more of their resources to updating their blog posts.


Schema & Structured Data for LLM Visibility

Similarly, to ensure that their content can be found and interpreted by LLMs, SEOs might place a higher priority on implementing robust schema markup. The top recommended schemes for GEO are FAQ, how-to, product, and article/webpage. If you are new to schema, I have a section in my blog post about conducting a technical SEO audit, that explains how to add and validate schema.


Yoast has a feature called llms.txt, which is a new LLM-friendly markdown file that supposetedly helps LLMs like ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini understand your site better. However, I don't believe it's actually being used by LLMs. There is no harm in implementing llms.txt, but I have yet to see it produce any significant results, and John Mueller has even cconfirmed that Google does not support it.


Google E-E-A-T Still Matters for SEO

Google's algorithms have changed drastically with the introduction of machine learning. In the early days, SEOs could game the system and get away with keyword stuffing. But now, Google knows that and is taking their algorithms to the next level, to provide good quality content that meets the searcher's intent. Lately, we've seen a push for "helpful" content, such as the Helpful Content update in August 2025. Google is especially focusing on the overall site experience and user-generated content, as evidenced by huge jumps for forums like Reddit and Quora.


Google has a team of human quality raters that train the algorithms to identify high-quality websites using the a set of published criteria under the Search Quality Rater Guidelines, which includes E-E-A-T. A few years ago, Google started talking about expertise, authority, and trust (E-A-T) in terms of how they read websites. The second E for experience was added in 2022, acknowledging that content demonstrating real-world experience often provides more value than purely theoretical expertise.


SEOs should be analyzing their websites under the lens of E-E-A-T, especially for YMYL topics, where innacurate information could harm users directly.

  • Experience: Do you have authentic, first-hand experience to share on the topic?

  • Expertise: Do you have the appropriate subject-matter expertise, and are you writing high-quality content, and citing reputable sources?

  • Authoritativeness: Are you mentioned or cited by external sources?

  • Trustworthiness: Do you have trust markers such as certifications, awards, and testimonials from well-known people?


With the rise of LLMs like ChatGPT and Perplexity, users are spending more time on AI platforms before coming to your site. However, I believe that they will eventually come to your site at a later stage, such as for final decisions and verification. To prepare for the users arrival, you should be maintaining your site built on E-E-A-T principles that ensure a positive user experience.


Does LLM Traffic Convert Better than Organic?

The question of whether LLM referral traffic outperforms traditional SEO and SEM in conversions remains largely unresolved. Some studies say that traffic from LLMs converts much better, while others claim it's roughly the same as traditional Google Search.


A May study indicated that LLM users were generally less engaged and more focused on early-stage research than high-intent transactions. While they might later convert via organic search, that conversion would not be attributed to the initial LLM referral. Conversely, a June study shared by Forbes showed that LLM conversion rate is 9x better, and a separate September study shared on Search Engine Land found that LLM referrals convert similarly to traditional Google search, contradicting earlier assertions of superior click quality.


A subsequent October study, analyzing data from 973 e-commerce sites, ChatGPT, LLM referrals convert worse than Google Search. Authors suggested early-stage friction – trust and verification behavior – may push shoppers to confirm elsewhere before buying, shifting last-click credit to traditional channels. This effect would likely be amplified in B2B, where extended sales cycles could further decrease the number of conversions attributed to LLM referral traffic.


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High-quality content is still the king. Now more than ever, it's important to continue producing valuable, well-researched, and trustworthy content that showcases E-E-A-T and directly answers users' questions. Continue excelling at the SEO fundamentals while also integrating the new GEO best practices —like updating content regularly and implementing schema—to make your content both user-friendly and AI-friendly. Your content has never only been for humans; its also for the robots.

According to research by MIT Sloan, generative AI can boost a high-skilled professional’s performance by nearly 40%. In SEO, this gap can separate the sites that dominate the SERPs and AI responses, from the sites that get left behind. 


What is Agentic SEO?

Now, yet another new tool is emerging: Agentic SEO. By leveraging AI agents powered by LLMs such as ChatGPT and Perplexity, Agentic SEO autonomously or semi-autonomously executes SEO tasks within a human-in-the-loop model. Human SEO experts remain in control, overseeing and refining the AI’s output as needed, while dedicating their saved time and energy to high-level strategy and testing.


Use Cases

For example, the AI agent could conduct a technical audit of your site to identify broken links, duplicate content, missing alt text, or slow load times – and even suggest and implement fixes. AI agents excel at identifying technical issues that humans tend to overlook. Some AI agents can also apply structured data markup or optimize metadata directly. 


Another use case is content ideation. The AI agent acts as a powerful brainstorming partner, exploring a topic and generating a pipeline of content ideas. Then, the human SEO expert reviews and selects the best suggestions, based on their market knowledge and business goals.


A study published in the IZA Institute of Labor Economics found that "the creative ideas produced by AI chatbots are rated more creative [by humans] than those created by humans... Augmenting humans with AI improves human creativity, albeit not as much as ideas created by ChatGPT alone.”


Ethan Mollick’s diagram illustrates a benchmark of the creative process with and without AI. The figure shows the distribution of creativity scores (from 0 to 10) across 5 sources:

  • ChatGPT4

  • Bard (Gemini)

  • HumanBaseline: the human control group (HumanBaseline)

  • HumanPlusAI: human group working with AI

  • HumanAgainstAI: human group working against AI


The horizontal axis represents the perceived level of creativity, while the vertical axis indicates the frequency of each score (density). The curve corresponding to HumanPlusAI is generally shifted to the right, meaning that evaluators consider this to be the most creative approach. The average scores of ChatGPT and Gemini are lower than those of HumanPlusAI. Moving towards the left, the HumanBaseline group is just below the performance of the HumanPlusAI, while the HumanAgainstAI group is the least creative. Although AI can generate impressive results on its own, the human-in-the-loop model, which combines computational power with human expertise, enables the highest level of creativity.


Development Tools

CrewAI enables the development of multi-agent systems in Python, allowing specialized agents to collaborate on tasks such as data collection, analysis, and implementation. For content ideation, Deep Research is an open-source, AI-powered research assistant that performs iterative, deep research on any topic by combining search engines, web scraping, and large language models.


There are also many no-code tools for building agentic workflows. For example, n8n is an open-source automation tool that allows you to orchestrate SEO tasks like crawling, data extraction, and reporting. Here is a YouTube tutorial on how an SEO agency implemented a 15-agent AI system to automate content creation.



SEO in Mainland China is an entirely different game than SEO on Google for other markets. If you’re looking to increase organic traffic from Chinese users, it’s essential to understand the local players, users’ search behaviours, and unique ranking factors for Chinese SEO. In this post, I will share the best practices to rank pages on Baidu, the “Chinese Google”, and address additional factors that may influence a website’s ranking. 


What is Baidu?

The Great Firewall policy regulates the websites that users in China can access. Instead of Google, you’ll need to optimize your pages for local search engines such as Baidu, Sogou, and Shenma. The most popular is Baidu, with over 676 million daily active users in 2024, and 3.3 billion daily internet queries. 

Baidu homepage

Chinese Hosting Server

Baidu is first and foremost a Chinese search engine, so it makes sense that its algorithm massively favours Chinese localization – whether it’s server location, top-level domain (.cn), business address, content language, or citations. Hosting your website locally will help Baidu index your content faster. Also, getting a domain name from a Chinese registrar will increase the credibility of your pages, as seen by Baidu. 


Note that you are required to obtain an Internet Content Publishing (ICP) license before hosting your domain in China. This is a required authorization for international brands to operate a website legally in the Chinese market. Not only is it a legal requirement, but it also helps to build trust with local users.


There are some rumors that Baidu ranks sites with visible ICP licenses higher in rankings, but this has yet to be proven. Still, if you do get an ICP license, it can only be a potential benefit to display it on the footer of your site. 


Keyword Ranking Tools for Baidu SEO

Third-party tools such as 5118, Ciku5, and Chinaz are available for Chinese keyword research. These are similar to the well-loved English SEO keyword tools such as ahrefs and SEMrush. 


Like Google, Baidu also has built-in digital marketing tools that you can leverage for keyword research.

  • Baidu keyword planner, accessible through a Baidu PPC (Phoenix Nest manager) account, provides keywords and their search volumes, similar to Google’s keyword planner in Google Ads. 

  • Baidu Index, Baidu’s Google Trend equivalent, helps you visualize keyword relevancy and popularity over time, often providing useful insights for SEO and keyword research. 


In addition, these Baidu tools and properties will be useful for your overall SEO strategy.

  • Baidu Ziyuan (webmaster tools) can be used to track indexing issues and site performance, similar to Google Search Console. Note that a China business address may be required to submit your website to Baidu.

  • Baidu Tongji (Analytics), similar to Google Analytics, provides data on user behavior, traffic sources, and keyword effectiveness.

  • Baidu Zhidao is China’s largest Q&A forum, similar to Quora in English. As Baidu Zhidao often ranks high for search queries, it should be part of your Chinese digital marketing strategy. 


screenshot of baidu b2b platform

If you're b2b, a channel that perfectly complements Baidu SEO is Baidu B2B. Debuted in October 2018, this specialized engine is a trusted source for product and service researching connecting verified B2B merchants with users. A key advantage of Baidu B2B is its prominent placement within Baidu's main search results, where it consistently appears for common industry-related queries. This high visibility makes it an effective tool for capturing potential customers in the initial research phase of their buyer's journey, connecting their search intent directly with your offering. Businesses can access Baidu B2B through two primary methods: securing an annual membership at RMB ¥6,980, running ad listings via the Baidu advertising platform.


Website Localization

Chinese search engines do not favor non-Chinese websites or content that is irrelevant to the local market. Note that Baidu is predominantly available in simplified Chinese, which is typically used in mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia. Traditional Chinese, used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau, is supported on Baidu, but the platform is programmed for simplified Chinese, and often converts traditional to simplified Chinese. 


Website Design

Why do Chinese (and Japanese) websites seem so messy and cluttered compared to English ones? The homepage of 4399, an online gaming company, is a prime example.


Homepage of 4399, a leading Chinese online gaming company

Chinese websites often try to display as much content as possible on the homepage. This minimizes the need to type Chinese characters in a search bar, which can be more cumbersome for users than clicking around. However, more and more web developers nowadays are favoring simplistic and minimalist designs. This trend is especially growing among younger generations.

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